![]() ![]() In total there were 22 forest grids, 46 urban and 45 semi-urban. These all fell under one of three habitat types: urban (>75% hard landscaping), forest (>75% forest cover) and semi-urban (where the percentage of hard landscaping and green cover was between 25% and 75%). Once all non-viable grids for surveying were removed, we were left with 113 possible survey grids. Heavily industrialized spaces such as shipyards and Jurong Island were also excluded. ![]() All offshore grids were excluded from the pool of possible sample grids, as were those over the Western Catchment and other state land or private spaces e.g., grids covering Changi airport and military areas. All grids were defined by a habitat type identified by the largest percentage cover of defined land or water within the grid. ![]() There was a total of 289 grids covering Singapore mainland, the Southern Islands, Pulau Ubin and Pulau Tekong, and some of the offshore areas between. A 2km-by-2km grid was laid over a landscape map of Singapore. We based the methodology on both (peer-reviewed) hornbill and general urban bird survey techniques. Pic 1: Picture of Oriental Pied Hornbill male providing nesting sealing material to female. ![]()
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